The geometric shapes and solid structures had a significant influence on Le Corbusier in the thought and design of the building. This indicates that Le Corbusier uses basic and geometric shapes as functional philosophies of buildings. These basic and geometric shapes are also widely used in the contemporary architecture of Japan (Chang 1985; Meyhofer 1994). The use of primary and geometric shapes is a designation of natural form following the view of Lao Tze, such that the concept of architect Le Corbusier can be accepted by Japanese society. The Yin Yang concept of Lao Tze reveals the dark and light used by Yoshinobu Ashihara to express sacred buildings (Ashihara 1970). In a church, natural light on the altar is an expression of a sacred building, yet besides that, the natural light in a church symbolizes holy light (Trisno and Lianto 2018). The design of architect Louis Khan uses natural light to provide silence in space (Lobell 1979). Khan uses elements of the natural light in the form of light and dark in buildings, thereby indicating the influence of philosophy from Lao Tze so that this concept is favored by Japanese society.
Western culture such as Architect Bruno Zevi is organic architecture with an architectural design approach that is applied partially or as a whole to building design with the concept being based on natural forms or principles (Zevi 1993). Kengo Kuma in his design includes organic architecture, this is the same as Bruno Zevi and Frank Lloyd Wright. Kuma said the ideas embodied in these various projects have a lot in common with Japanese traditions. The building design is characterized by the use of natural light and natural materials (Kuma 2013). Kuma expressed his frustration with the concrete in Japanese buildings. Tadao Ando is aware of such criticism. Because Kuma's organic architecture creates a connection and encounter between humans and nature which is a point of warmth (nukumori), it is a combination of two qualities that are not in harmony so that a comfortable warmth is unique to Japanese aesthetics (Pulvers 2013). The harmony between humans and nature is a sublimation of Yin and Yang that comes from the philosophy of Lao Tze and Confucius.
Yoshinobu Ashihara Exterior Design Architecture Pdf Download
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